Mercer , DVM, MS, DACVIM-LA, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Reviewed/Revised Sep 2022 | Modified Nov 2022 General Properties Antimicrobial Activity Mode of Action Bacterial Resistance Antimicrobial Spectra Pharmacokinetic Features Absorption Distribution Biotransformation Excretion Chloramphenicol is currently only FDA approved for use in dogs, but it is commonly used in an off-label capacity in other species, like cats, horses, birds, reptiles, ferrets and small mammals
For example, chloramphenicol is highly effective against many pathogenic microorganisms
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Chloramphenicol, the glucuronide conjugate and the oxamic acid, acetylarylamine, arylamine and base derivatives were found in the urine of goats given intramuscular injections of chloramphenicol ( Bories et al Chloramphenicol eye drops are low cost, have little irritative effect on the cornea, have good conjunctival and aqueous humor penetration, and cover a broad spectrum of bacteria found in infections of the cornea or conjunctivae
Reversible peripheral neuropathy/hindlimb paresis of unknown etiology occurs in up to 30% of dogs treated with chloramphenicol
Plasmid-mediated resistance to chloramphenicol develops in Gram-negative bacteria over time
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CMAJ
Review the appropriate monitoring and toxicity of chloramphenicol
Vaccinations should not be given during a course of chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol is only approved in dogs in the US, although it is used in an extralabel fashion in horses with Chloramphenicol
What is this drug? Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic not authorised for use in food-producing animals in the European Union (EU)
Chloramphenicol in ophthalmic, topical dosage, tablet, capsule, palmitate oral suspension, implantation, or injectable dosage form must not be used in animals producing meat, eggs, or milk
(45) No toxic effect was observed when dogs were administered orally, 200 mg/kg (approximately 91 mg/lb) daily for over four months
Reversible dose-related reversible bone marrow suppression can develop in all species
Infections of the urinary tract caused by susceptible microorganisms such as Chloramphenicol is a Cytochrome P450 - CYP2B11 inhibitor and possibly other CYP enzymes in dogs
We consider chloramphenicol to be a "big gun" antibiotic and are encouraging its use be reserved only for infections documented by culture and sensitivity 24/01/2002
By mouth or by injection into a vein, it is used to treat meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever
There is good evidence for a haemotoxic effect of chloramphenicol in humans, with two forms of toxicity being described
This p-nitro group is associated with idiosyncratic (non-dose-dependent) aplastic anemia in humans
Chloramphenicol
Chlor ® Palm 250 should be used with caution in animals with hematologic abnormalities, impaired renal or hepatic function, and in animals receiving anticonvulsant drugs
With the twin advantages comprising relatively low production cost and highly stable, chloramphenicol has been widely accepted for usage in developing countries (Van et al No adequate studies of the carcinogenicity of chloramphenicol in experimental animals were identified
Chloramphenicol as an antibiotic is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and anaerobic microorganisms
pack size 10 mL) and 1% eye ointment (in max
Gray baby syndrome (in neonates) There are 2 types of bone marrow depression: Reversible dose-related interference with iron metabolism: This effect is most likely with high doses or prolonged treatment or in patients with a severe The following drugs (both human and animal), families of drugs, and substances are prohibited from extra-label uses in all food-producing animals: Chloramphenicol; Clenbuterol; Diethylstilbestrol INDICATIONS:
In monogastric animals and pre-ruminant calves chloramphenicol is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
This medication may also help treat enteritis (inflammation of the intestine) that's caused by specific types of bacteria
Some of the reasons for its popularity are: (1) Antimicrobial activity--effective against a variety of infective pathogens, including staphylococci, salmonellae, pasturellae, Bordetella, Haemophilus, coliform organisms, chlamydiae, and rickettsiae, many of which may be resistant to 45-60 mg/kg, PO, q 6-8 h
Dogs dosed at 75 mg/kg consumed more food and gained a Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum, bacteriostatic anti-microbial agent that acts through the inhibition of protein synthesis via the 70S ribosome and its 50S ribosomal subunit
Sensitivity testing is essential to determine its indicated use, but may be performed concurrently with therapy initiated on clinical Stage 2: During the early lesion stage, the dog will start developing small, raised bumps on the skin, with hair loss, mild redness and scaling
See more Phenicols Use in Animals General Properties
Chloramphenicol in animals is well absorbed via both oral and parenteral routes, with a few notable species exceptions
Chloramphenicol eye drops are low cost, have little irritative effect on the
Describe the adverse effects and contraindications of chloramphenicol
In both humans and animals administered chloramphenicol, reversible suppression
This is a condition of adolescent large or giant breed dogs where they
To summarize, concern has developed over the extra-label use of chloramphenicol in food-producing animals because a type of blood dyscrasia that is usually fatal to a significant subgroup of the population with an apparent predisposed sensitivity to chloramphenicol has been associated with extremely low levels of exposure to the drug
Some of the reasons for its popularity are: (1) Antimicrobial activity--effective against a variety of infective pathogens, including staphylococci, salmonellae, pasturellae, Bordetella, Haemophilus, coliform organisms, chlamydiae, and
Chloramphenicol comes in tablet form, capsules, as a liquid suspension, and also in an injectable form (chloramphenicol sodium succinate)
Jan 12, 2024 · chloramphenicol, antibiotic drug once commonly used in the treatment of infections caused by various bacteria, including those in the genera Rickettsia and Mycoplasma
Chloramphenicol is rapidly absorbed following oral or parenteral administration with maximum Oct 10, 2023 · Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with very high bacteriostatic action potential that has been used in veterinary and human medicine
Nevertheless, it Oct 10, 2023 · Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with very high bacteriostatic action potential that has been used in veterinary and human medicine
12) made up of nitrobenzene ring bonded with non-ionic chlorine
Increased legislation has led to the imposition of a ‘zero tolerance 5 days ago · Overview
Streptococcus, Staphylococcus), Gram-negative (e
Of 12 animals examined which were given the carcinogen-only diet, 100% had cirrhosis and 75% had hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas of 22 animals examined which were given the combination treatment, only one had cirrhosis and
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Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic, time-dependent acetamide antibiotic with a very broad spectrum of activity, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobes, and anaerobes
Chloramphenicol should not be used in breeding animals or in pregnant females or in newborns